Scania Leaf spring suspension. Instruction - page 2

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Front springs and spring brackets

Between the spring assembly and the front axle
is a wedge-shaped bracket that determines the
angle of inclination of the front axle, i.e. the
caster angle, and acts as a bracket for the anti-
roll bar. Re-adjusting can be carried out using
adjusting wedges of 0.5-4°.

1

Adjusting wedge

2

Bracket

Front axle

1

Adjusting wedge

2

Wedge-shaped spacer

Front axle2

Vehicles with double front axles do not have an
anti-roll bar fitted to the rear front axle. Between
the springs and front axle 2 is a wedge-shaped
spacer and, if used, adjusting wedges.

Front springs and spring brackets

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Rear springs and wedge-shaped
spacers

In some cases, wedge-shaped spacers are also used
at the rear springs, to adapt the angle of inclination
of the rear axle.

For this purpose, wedge-shaped spacers are
available in different angles.

A spacer is chosen that gives the rear axle a
suitable angle of inclination, taking into account
the angles of the propeller shaft universal joints.

Rear springs with helper springs

On trucks with one rear axle and multi-leaf
springs, the rear suspension consists of a main
spring and a helper spring. The main spring is
attached to the frame using a spring bolt and a
spring bracket at the front end, and using a spring
bolt and a movable spring shackle at the rear end.

On top of the main spring is the helper spring,
which is not fixed to the frame.

The helper spring on the multi-leaf spring is a
separate spring assembly. On parabolic springs, the
helper spring is assembled together with the main
spring, using the centre bolt.

When the truck is laden, the main spring is placed
under load. The ends of the helper springs make
contact with the two curved brackets that are
riveted to the frame. If the load on the vehicle is
increased further, the ends of the helper springs
"roll" against the brackets, causing a reduction in
the effective length of the helper spring, and the
spring becomes stiffer.

Main spring with helper spring

Rear springs

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Rear springs with tag axle

On trucks with tag axle, the springs are located
under the driving axle.

The front ends of the springs are attached to the
spring brackets using spring bolts. The rear ends of
the springs are attached to balance arms using
spring shackles.

When under load, the driving axle will attempt to
lift from the springs. This places large demands on
the joint between the driving axle and the springs.

Suspension on trucks with tag axle

Suspension movement

The tag axle wheels are suspended separately on
balance arms that are mounted in a shaft on the
frame. The front arm of the balance arm is
connected by a link to the rear end of the driving
axle spring.

This method of suspension means that both the
driving wheels and the tag axle wheels can follow
the contours in the road. The weight distribution
between the driving axle and the tag axle is more
or less unchanged when the suspension is in
action.

Rear springs with tag axle

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Rear springs for tandem bogie

Trucks with a tandem driven bogie are either
equipped with balance tandem or with four-spring
tandem. These are equipped with multi-leaf or
parabolic springs, depending on the type of
vehicle. The axles are held in place using torque
rods.

Balance tandem

Balance tandem

The balance tandem has one spring on each side of
the frame. The springs are attached in the middle
using spring bearings which can turn, and which
are mounted in a frame bracket. The ends of the
springs rest against each rear axle. When under
load, the springs attempt to lift from the sliding
surface on the bracket. This places large demands
on the joint between the driving axle and the
springs.

Four-spring tandem

In some markets, a four-spring tandem may be
fitted.

The four-spring tandem has two springs on each
side. The axles are held in place using torque rods.
The springs rest against their sliding surfaces on
the frame bracket. Between the springs is a link
that evens out the loads between the front and rear
axle during suspension action.

Four-spring tandem

Rear springs for tandem bogie

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