Defender 90 NAS. Instruction - page 2
INTRODUCTION
7
INFORMATION
TOWING
CAUTION: The vehicle has permanent
four-wheel drive. The following towing
instructions must be adhered to:
Towing the vehicle on all four wheels with driver
operating steering and brakes.
1. Turn ignition key to position ’I’ to release steering
lock.
2. Select neutral in main gearbox and transfer
gearbox.
3. Secure tow rope, chain or cable to front towing
eyes.
4. Release the parking brake.
CAUTION: The brake servo and power
assisted steering system will not be
functional without the engine running.
Greater pedal pressure will be required to apply
the brakes, the steering system will require
greater effort to turn the front road wheels.
The vehicle tow connection should be used only
in normal road conditions, ’snatch’ recovery
should be avoided.
Suspended tow by breakdown vehicle
1. If the front axle is to be trailed, turn ignition key
to position ’1’ to release steering lock.
2. Select neutral in main gearbox and transfer
gearbox.
CAUTION: The steering wheel and/or
linkage must be secured in a straight
ahead position. DO NOT use the steering
lock mechanism for this purpose.
TRANSPORTING THE VEHICLE BY TRAILER
Lashing/towing eyes are provided on front and rear of
the chassis side members to facilitate the securing of
the vehicle to a trailer or other means of
transportation.
CAUTION: Underbody components must
not be used as lashing points.
Install vehicle on trailer and apply park brake. Select
’N’ (Neutral) in main gearbox.
01
INTRODUCTION
8
INFORMATION
JUMP STARTING
WARNING: Hydrogen and oxygen gases
are produced during normal battery
operation. This gas mixture can explode if
flames, sparks or lighted tobacco are brought
near battery. When charging or using a battery in
an enclosed space, always provide ventilation and
shield your eyes.
Keep out of reach of children. Batteries contain
sulphuric acid. Avoid contact with skin, eyes, or
clothing. Also, shield eyes when working near
battery to protect against possible splashing of
acid solution. In case of acid contact with skin,
eyes, or clothing, flush immediately with water for
a minimum of fifteen minutes. If acid is swallowed,
drink large quantities of milk or water, followed by
milk of magnesia, a beaten egg, or vegetable oil.
SEEK MEDICAL AID IMMEDIATELY.
To Jump Start - Negative Ground Battery
WARNING: To avoid any possibility of
injury use particular care when connecting
a booster battery to a discharged battery.
1. Position vehicles so that jump leads will reach,
ensuring that vehicles DO NOT TOUCH,
alternatively a fully charged slave battery may be
positioned on floor adjacent to vehicle.
2. Ensuring that ignition and all electrical
accessories are switched off, that parking brake
is applied and neutral is selected on a manual
gearbox, with an automatic gearbox select
neutral (N) or park (P) and then connect the
jump leads as follows;
A. Connect one end of first jumper cable to positive
(+) terminal of booster battery.
B. Connect other end of first jumper cable to
positive (+) terminal of discharged battery.
C. Connect one end of second jumper cable to
negative terminal of booster battery.
D. Connect other end of second jumper cable to a
good earth point on the engine, NOT TO
NEGATIVE TERMINAL OF DISCHARGED
BATTERY. Keep jumper lead away from moving
parts, pulleys, drive belts and fan blade
assembly.
WARNING: Making final cable connection
could cause an electrical arc which if
made near battery could cause an
explosion.
3. If booster battery is installed in another vehicle,
start engine and allow to idle.
4. Start engine of vehicle with discharged battery,
following starting procedure in Owners’ Manual.
CAUTION: If vehicle fails to start within a
maximum time of 12 seconds, switch
ignition off and investigate cause. Failing
to follow this instruction could result in
irrepairable damage to catalysts.
5. Remove negative (-) jumper cable from the
engine and then terminal of booster battery.
6. Remove positive (+) jumper cable from positive
terminals of booster battery and discharged
battery.
INTRODUCTION
9
INFORMATION
ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS USED IN THIS
MANUAL
Across flats (bolt size)
AF
............................................
After bottom dead centre
ABDC
...................................
After top dead centre
ATDC
.........................................
Alternating current
a.c.
.................................................
Ampere
A or amp
........................................................
Ampere hour
amp hr
....................................................
Before bottom dead centre
BBDC
................................
Before top dead centre
BTDC
......................................
Bottom dead centre
BDC
.............................................
Brake horse power
bhp
................................................
British Standards
BS
....................................................
Carbon monoxide
CO
..................................................
Centimetre
cm
.............................................................
Centigrade (Celsius)
C
................................................
Cubic centimetre
cm
3
...................................................
Cubic inch
in
3
...............................................................
Degree (angle)
deg or
°
...............................................
Degree (temperature)
deg or
°
.....................................
Diameter
dia.
...............................................................
Direct current
d.c.
.........................................................
Electronic Control Unit
ECU
........................................
Electronic Fuel Injection
EFI
........................................
Fahrenheit
F
.................................................................
Feet
ft
...........................................................................
Feet per minute
ft/min
..................................................
Fifth
5th
........................................................................
First
1st
........................................................................
Fluid ounce
fl oz
..........................................................
Foot pounds (torque)
lbf ft
............................................
Fourth
4th
.....................................................................
Gramme (force)
gf
........................................................
Gramme (mass)
g
........................................................
Gallons
gal
...................................................................
Gallons (US)
US gal
.....................................................
High tension (electrical)
H.T.
........................................
Internal diameter
I.D.
...................................................
Inches of mercury
in. Hg
..............................................
Inches
in
......................................................................
Kilogramme (force)
kgf
.................................................
Kilogramme (mass.)
kg
................................................
Kilogramme centimetre (torque)
kgf.cm
.......................
Kilogramme per square millimetre
kgf/mm
2
.................
Kilogramme per square centimetre
kgf/cm
2
.................
Kilogramme metres (torque)
kgf.m
..............................
Kilometres
km
..............................................................
Kilometres per hour
km/h
.............................................
Kilovolts
kV
...................................................................
Left-hand
LH
................................................................
Left-hand steering
LHStg
.............................................
Left-hand thread
LHThd
...............................................
Litres
l or litre
...............................................................
Low tension
l.t.
.............................................................
Maximum
max.
............................................................
Metre
m
........................................................................
Millilitre
ml
....................................................................
Millimetre
mm
...............................................................
Miles per gallon
mpg
....................................................
Miles per hour
mph
......................................................
Minute (angle)
’
............................................................
Minus (of tolerance)
-
...................................................
Negative (electrical)
-
...................................................
Newton metres (torque)
Nm
........................................
Number
No.
.................................................................
Ohms
ohm
...................................................................
Ounces (force)
ozf
.......................................................
Ounces (mass)
oz
........................................................
Ounce inch (torque)
ozf.in.
..........................................
Outside diameter
O.D.
.................................................
Part number
Part No.
...................................................
Percentage
%
...............................................................
Pints
pt
.........................................................................
Pints (US)
US pt
...........................................................
Plus (tolerance)
+
.........................................................
Positive (electrical)
+
....................................................
Pound (force)
lbf
..........................................................
Pounds inch (torque)
in.lbf.
..........................................
Pound (mass)
lb
...........................................................
Pounds per square inch
PSI or lbf/in
2
..........................
Ratio
:
...........................................................................
Reference
ref.
..............................................................
Revolution per minute
rev/min
.....................................
Right-hand
RH
.............................................................
Second (angle)
"
...........................................................
Second (numerical order)
2nd
......................................
Specific gravity
sp.gr.
...................................................
Square centimetres
cm
2
...............................................
Square inches
in
2
.........................................................
Standard wire gauge
s.w.g.
.........................................
Synchroniser/Synchromesh
synchro.
..........................
Third
3rd
.......................................................................
Top dead centre
TDC
..................................................
United Kingdom
UK
......................................................
Vehicle Identification Number
VIN
...............................
Volts
V
.........................................................................
Watts
W
.......................................................................
SCREW THREADS
American Standard Taper Pipe
NPTF
.........................
British Standard Pipe
BSP
...........................................
Unified Coarse
UNC
....................................................
Unified Fine
UNF
.........................................................
01
INTRODUCTION
10
INFORMATION
CROSS REFERENCE OF EMISSION SYSTEM
TERMINOLOGY
NEW TERM
(ACRONYM)
Accelerator pedal
(AP)
.................................................
Air cleaner
(ACL)
..........................................................
Air conditioning
(AC)
....................................................
Battery positive voltage
(B+)
........................................
Closed loop
(CL)
..........................................................
Closed throttle position
(CTP)
......................................
Canister purge valve
(CANPV)
....................................
Data link connector
(DLC)
...........................................
Diagnostic trouble code
(DTC)
.....................................
Distributor ignition
(DI)
.................................................
Engine control module
(ECM)
......................................
Engine coolant level
(ECL)
...........................................
Engine coolant temperature
(ECT)
..............................
Engine coolant temperature sensor
(ECTS)
................
Engine speed
(RPM)
....................................................
Evaporative emission system
(EVAP)
..........................
Engine fuel temperature sensor
(EFTS)
......................
4th gear, 3rd gear etc.
(4GR, 3GR)
..............................
Fuel pump
(FP)
............................................................
Fan control module
(FCM)
...........................................
Generator
(GEN)
..........................................................
Ground
(GND)
..............................................................
Heated oxygen sensor
(H02S)
....................................
Idle air control
(IAC)
......................................................
Idle air control valve
(IACV)
.........................................
Ignition control module
(ICM)
.......................................
Inertia fuel shutoff
(IFS)
................................................
Inertia fuel shutoff switch
(IFSS)
..................................
Intake air temperature
(IAT)
.........................................
Malfunction indicator lamp
(MIL)
..................................
Manifold vacuum zone
(MVZ)
......................................
Mass air flow sensor
(MAFS)
.......................................
Multiport fuel injection
(MFI)
........................................
On board diagnostic
(OBD)
..........................................
Open loop
(OL)
............................................................
Park/neutral position
(PNP)
.........................................
Park/neutral position switch
(PNPS)
............................
Programmable read only memory
(PROM)
..................
Relay module
(RM)
......................................................
Service reminder indicator
(SRI)
..................................
Solid state relay module
(SSRM)
.................................
Three way catalytic converter
(TWC)
..........................
Throttle body
(TB)
........................................................
Throttle position sensor
(TPS)
......................................
Torque converter clutch
(TCC)
....................................
Transmission range
(TR)
..............................................
Transmission range selector
(TRS)
.............................
Vehicle speed sensor
(VSS)
........................................
Wide open throttle
(WOT)
............................................
OLD TERM
(ACRONYM)
Throttle pedal
(-)
..........................................................
Air cleaner
(-)
...............................................................
Air conditioning
(AC)
....................................................
Battery plus, bat +, bat feed
(B+)
.................................
Closed loop
(-)
.............................................................
Closed throttle, idle position
(-)
....................................
Charcoal canister purge valve
(-)
.................................
Serial link
(-)
................................................................
Fault code
(-)
...............................................................
Electronic ignition
(-)
....................................................
Electronic control unit
(ECU)
........................................
Coolant level
(-)
...........................................................
Coolant temperature
(temp)
.........................................
Coolant temperature thermistor
(-)
..............................
Engine speed
(rev/min)
................................................
Evaporative loss system
(ELC)
...................................
Fuel temperature thermistor
(-)
....................................
Fourth gear, 3rd gear
(-)
..............................................
Fuel pump
(-)
...............................................................
Condenser fan timer
(-)
................................................
Alternator
(-)
................................................................
Ground, earth
(B-)
........................................................
Lambda (02) sensor
(-)
................................................
Idle speed control
(ISC)
................................................
Stepper motor
(-)
.........................................................
Ignition module
(-)
........................................................
Inertia switch
(-)
...........................................................
Inertia switch
(-)
...........................................................
Intake temperature/ambient temperature
(-)
................
EFI warning lamp
(-)
....................................................
Manifold depression, vacuum
(-)
.................................
Air flow meter
(-)
..........................................................
Electronic fuel injection
(EFI)
.......................................
Fault code display unit
(-)
............................................
Open loop
(-)
...............................................................
Park or neutral
(-)
.........................................................
Start inhibit switch
(-)
...................................................
Chip, PROM
(PROM)
...................................................
Relay
(-)
.......................................................................
Check engine light
(-)
...................................................
Control unit
(-)
..............................................................
Catalyst, catalytic converter
(CAT)
..............................
Throttle housing
(-)
......................................................
Throttle potentiometer
(-)
.............................................
Direct drive clutch
(DDC)
..............................................
Transmission gear
(-)
...................................................
Shift lever, shifter
(-)
....................................................
Road speed transducer
(-)
...........................................
Full throttle, wide open throttle
(WOT)
.........................